ظَرْفُ اَلزَّمَانِ وَظَرْفُ اَلمَكَانِ
Adverbs reveal extra information about the verb
The Adverbial of Time
The ظَرْفُ اَلزَّمَانِ is an accussative noun which specifies the time associated with the verb.
For example,
سَلَّمْتُ على محمدٍ صَباحًا
I greeted Muhammad (in) the morning
The ظرف زمان always carries the meaning of في (in) which means the sentence has the meaning:
سَلَّمْتُ على محمدٍ في الصَّباحِ
This في is replaced by changing the verb into an adverbial of time, while the meaning remains the same.
More Examples
وَصَلَ القطار ظُهرًا
The train reached at noon
انتظِرْ لَحظَةً
Wait for a moment
سنَلتَقي قريبًا
We will meet soon
The Adverbial of Place
These are accusative nouns that show position. It always answers the question ‘where?’
تَجْرِي تَحْتَهَا الأَنْهَارُ
Under it rivers flow
جلستُ فَوْقَ الكُرسِيِّ
I sat on the chair
وقفتُ أَمامَ النّاسِ
I stood in front of the people