Numbers (advanced)

We have already gone through the rules for the numbers 0-9 here.

These are the remaining numbers and how to use them.

The Number 10

The number 10 follows the reverse agreement rule – it takes the opposite gender of the noun it describes.

Note that for عشرة the masculine form not only drops the ة tā but requires putting a sukūn over the shīn >> عَشْرٌ

11 and 12

From here on the numbers are made by compounding the cardinal number (1-9) with the tens number (10, 20, 30 ….). So 11 is made by compounding 1 with 10 and 12 by compounding 2 with 10.

So 11 is made up of two words – أحد عشر

12 is اثنا عشر

Usage Rules: 

• For 11, both words that form the number take the accusative case – أَحَدَ عَشَرَ | إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ
• 12 is written as اِثْنَا عَشَرَ for nominative an اِثنَي عَشْرَ for accusative and genitive cases
• Both words follow the gender of the noun. So if they are describing something feminine they change to – إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ | اِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ / اِثْنَتَي عَشْرَةَ
• The counted noun is always singular and accusative

Examples:

في المسجد اِثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا واِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ سَيْدةً.  

There are twelve men and twelve women in the mosque.

قَابَلتُ اثني عَشَرَ رجلًا

I met 12 men

كَلَّمتُ إحدى عشرةَ امرأةً

I spoke to 11 women

13-19

• The first word of the number follows reverse agreement – opposite gender of the noun
• The second word agrees with the noun in gender
• Both words are accusative without nunation
• The noun is singular, accusative and takes nunation

20, 30, 40….90

The multiples of ten from twenty onwards are unaffected by gender. They remain fixed. They are as follows:

Cardinal Number	Nominative	Arabic symbols
20	عِشْرُونَ	٢٠
30	ثَلاثُونَ	٣٠
40	أَرْبَعُونَ	٤٠
50	خَمْسُونَ	٥٠
60	سِتُّونَ	٦٠
70	سَبْعونَ	٧٠
80	ثَمَانُونَ	٨٠
90	تِسْعُونَ	٩٠

The nouns are singular, accusative and indefinite.

If the number needs to be accusative the ending is replaced with ‘ين’ instead of ‘ون’

خمسون becomes خمسين

ستّون becomes ستّين and so on

21-99

• When compounded with twenty and above, the numbers ‘one’ and ‘two’ follow reverse agreement – opposite gender of the noun: 

• The numbers 3-9 follow reverse agreement just as they do when used alone:

• The counted noun is accusative, singular and indefinite.

100

One hundred is written both as مِائَة and مِئَة. It is unaffected by gender and does not change. 

It’s noun is singular, and genitive.

200

Two hundred is written as مِئَتَانِ for nominal and مِئَتَينِ  for accusative and genitive. When it is compounded with the counted noun in an idhāfa construction, the nūn is dropped.

300, 400 … 900

The remaining multiples of 100 are also unaffected by gender. They are as follows:

Cardinal Number	Nominative	Arabic symbols
300	ثَلاثُمِئَة / ثَلَاثُ مِائَة	٣٠٠
400	أَرْبَعُمِئَة / أَرْبَعُ مِائَة	٤٠٠
500	خَمْسُمِئَة / خَمْسُ مِائَة	٥٠٠
600	سِتُّمِئَة / سِتُّ مِائَة	٦٠٠
700	سَبْعُمِئَة / سَبْعُ مِائَة	٧٠٠
800	ثَمَانِيمِئَة / ثَمَانِي مِائَة	٨٠٠
900	تِسْعُمِئَة / تِسْعُ مِائَة	٩٠٠

The counted noun will be genitive, singular, and indefinite:

101  and above

To say 101 and above, we conjugate the hundreds number with the added number:

مِئَةٌ  وَوَاحِدٌ – 101

مِئَةٌ  وَإثْنَانِ – 102

مِئةٌ  وَثَلَاثَةٌ وَ خَمْسُونَ – 153

مِئةٌ  وَأَربَعَةٌ وَتِسعُونَ – 194

The gender of the single digit number agrees with the noun for one and two, and disagrees for 3-9. The tenth and hundredth place numbers remain fixed as usual. The counted noun is accusative and singular.

Note: Apart from the hundreds number being conjugated, the rest of the number behaves as it normally would on its own.

1000

Thousand is written as أَلْف alf and it’s plural is آلَاف ālāf. It is a masculine noun.

1000	أَلْف	alf
2000	أَلْفَين	alfayn-i
3000	ثَلَاثَةُ آلَافٍ	thalāthat-u ālāf-in
4000	أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ	arba’at-u ālāf-in
5000	خَمْسَةُ آلَافٍ	khamsat-u ālāf-in
6000	سِتَّةُ آلَافٍ	sittat-u ālāf-in
7000	سَبْعَةُ آلَافٍ	sab’at-u ālāf-in
8000	ثَمَانِيَةُ آلَافٍ	thamāniyat-u ālāf-in
9000	تِسْعَةُ آلَافٍ	tis’at-u ālāf-in
10000	عَشَرَةُ آلَافٍ	‘asharat-u ālāf-in
11000	أَحَدَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا	aḥad-a ashar-a alf-an
12000	اِثْنَا عَشرَ أَلْفًا	ithnā ahsar-a alf-an
15000	خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا	khamsath-a ashar-a alf-an
20000	عِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا	‘ishrūn-a alf-an
25000	خَمْسَةٌ وعِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا	khamsat-un wa ishrūna alf-an
50000	خَمْسُونَ أَلْفًا	khamsūn-a alf-an
52500	اِثْنانِ وخَمسُونَ أَلْفً وخَمْسُ مِئَةٌ	ithnān-i wa khamsūn-a alf-an wa khams-u miat-un
100000	مِئةُ أَلْفٍ	miat-u alf-in
200000	مِئَتَا أَلْفٍ	miat-ā alf-in
345670	ثَلَاثُ مِئَةٌ وَخَمْسَةٌ وأَربَعُون أَلْفًا وسِتُّمِئَةٌ وسَبْعُونَ	thlāthu miat-un wa khamsat-un wa arba’ūn-a alf-an wa sittumiatt-un wa sab’ūn-a

Millions and Billions

Million is مِلْيُون milyūn and its plural is مَلَايِين malāyīn.

Billion is بِلْيُون bilyūn its plural is بَلَايِين balāyīn.

The work similar to ألف (thousand).